Problem

Water and energy are two major concerns in global environmental protection. The size of the pulp and paper industries is increasing, and they generate high liquid effluent discharges with different characteristics. A main discharge in paper industries is old corrugated containerboard (OCC), which is widely used as recycled OCC fibers. This effluent has different chemical properties depending on the contaminant contents. The most general characteristics of these discharges are color, pH, alkaloids, dissolved salts, suspended solids, lignin, cellulose, organic acids, soluble small fibers, fillers, coatings, plastic materials, wet strength agent, and halogenated organics. The re-use of pulp and paper liquid discharges is an important operating task because of its high water and chemical contents.;